Bringing a new puppy home is an exciting but somewhat risky time - especially when it comes to their health! At the time of coming home with you, these little bundles of joy are yet to have all of their vaccinations and often carry parasites.
It’s also not uncommon for them to have a rundown immune system from all the stress of being taken away from their littermates, and travelling for the first time. And in a worst-case scenario, these little pups can sometimes be born with congenital medical issues, such as hernias and heart defects.
Due to so many risk factors when it comes to a young pup’s health, it’s crucial to have your pup's health checked by a vet, who examines them to ensure they’re doing well.
But let’s take a little deep dive into what these health checks are for, and why exactly they are so important.
Why are regular health checks so important for puppies?
In their first year of life, you’ll become quite familiar with your pup’s vet! This is because they should be regularly seen so their weight and health can be monitored. On top of this, your vet will need to prescribe routine parasite prevention.
Health checks are also going to be the time when they get their puppy vaccines and will have their parasite prevention topped up too. As they grow older, these will become fewer and far between, but as their immune systems develop during the puppy stage, a closer focus on how they’re doing is important.
What to expect during a puppy health check
A puppy health check will often include the following:
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Popping them on a scale to be weighed
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A nose-to-tail examination
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A conversation with your vet so they can learn everything they need to about your puppy and an opportunity for you to raise any specific concerns you might have
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LOTS of cuddles from the staff. (Perks of the job!)
What is a puppy health check certificate?
A puppy health check certificate is a document you receive after your health check as a confirmation that it has taken place.
A routine check-up will be recorded on your vet’s computer system so they will also have it on file. They’ll also update your pup’s vaccine card when they’re given any vaccinations or parasite prevention.
An ‘animal health certificate’ is something that’d be issued if you’re travelling abroad with your dog, so is not generally needed.
How to prepare for a puppy health check
Let’s take a closer look at the ins and outs of preparing for your puppy’s health check:
Scheduling an appointment with your vet
Registering with a vet should be one of the first things you do after bringing your new pup home.
However, if you’ve not already, then call your chosen practice to get your puppy under their care and get your health check booked.
They’ll take some details and schedule your visit for a time that suits you.
How much does a puppy health check cost?
A puppy health check cost can be anything from £20 to £80, depending on what it includes. For a full vaccine course, you can expect to pay at least £50.
It’s worth noting that you may get a free puppy health check when signing up for a loyalty scheme with a vet clinic. Said loyalty schemes can also save you money in lots of other ways throughout your dog’s life, so it’s worth bearing in mind.
What to take to a puppy health check
The most important thing to bring along is some tasty treats! Keep reassuring your pup and giving them lots of treats, so they learn to associate the vet with a good feeling.
It’s also sensible to bring their documentation, a familiar toy, some poo bags and a written list of any questions you have.
No question is a silly question! Your vet will want you to feel completely comfortable with life as a puppy owner - as there’s a lot to know and learn.
Your puppy’s health check: A Checklist
Let’s take a more detailed look at what to expect at your pup’s first vet visit, and what you can enquire about if it doesn’t take place:
Physical examination
Your vet will look in your pup’s eyes, ears and mouth, listen to their chest and feel their tummy.
They should also scan their microchip and comb their coat to check for any skin concerns or parasites.
Vaccination and microchip
Routine vaccinations are given as an injection between the shoulder blades, and there are usually two sets of these, given two to four weeks apart. If your puppy receives the kennel cough vaccine, this is typically a liquid squirted up the nose.
The microchip will have been done with the breeder and is a small chip that’s inserted under the skin in the scruff of the neck, with a unique and identifying number. If your pup doesn’t already have a microchip, then this should be arranged with your vet ASAP as it’s a legal requirement.
Worm treatment and prevention
Puppies should be de-wormed every 2-3 weeks until 12 weeks old. And then monthly thereafter. Your vet can issue their worming treatment and show you how it’s given. Worming treatments come in different forms, so it’s worth having a chat with your vet to decide what might be best for your puppy.
Dental Health
Puppies start developing their adult teeth from 3 months of age or so and usually build their adult teeth at 7 months olds.
It’s never too soon to introduce a daily toothbrushing schedule, and when all their adult teeth come through - accompany the routine with dental sticks or chews to keep their gnashers and mouth clean, healthy, and free from infection.
Nutritional advice
Your vet will talk you through the best diet for your dog, which will depend on their individual needs based on their health checkup and sometimes even their breed. Choosing a puppy-specific food is a must, as it contains more calories and calcium than adult dog food - along with everything else they need to kick-start life in the very best way.
Training and behaviour
Your vet will likely have a chat with you about how to encourage certain behaviours and how to prevent behavioural issues such as separation anxiety and resource guarding. This will include consistent training, clear goals and plenty of positive reinforcement with yummy treats.
Be sure to ask any specific questions you have about your pup’s behaviour.
What are common health issues found in puppies?
There are lots of different ailments your pup can develop in their first months, most of which can be identified at their health check, so always keep an eye out for what’s ‘normal’ for them.
Signs of illness and disease
Some of the telltale signs that your pup isn’t well would include:
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Vomiting or diarrhoea
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A bloated tummy
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Pale or dry gums
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Lethargy
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Reduced appetite
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A limp
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Straining when peeing
If you’re worried your pup’s unwell, schedule a puppy health check right away.
Why are vaccinations needed in a puppy health check?
Keep in mind that the diseases we vaccinate against (such as Parvovirus and Leptospirosis) are the ones that can make puppies most unwell, and that can even be fatal.
Signs are variable but can include bloody diarrhoea, jaundice (yellow mucous membranes) and severe dehydration.
To find out more about why vaccinations for puppies are so important, check out ‘What you need to know about Puppy Vaccines’ here on the Pooch & Mutt blog.
Are parasites common in puppies?
Puppies can often bring a friend or two along with them when they come home to you! This can mean fleas or mites on their skin, or perhaps some roundworms in their intestines. As parasites are par for the course, all puppies should be routinely treated regularly, whether they’re showing signs or not.
How can puppy owners keep their puppies healthy?
Here are some of our top tips, to help ensure your pup matures into a healthy, happy adult:
Providing regular exercise
Whatever their breed, puppies need exercise to burn off all of their energy. This can include ‘sniffy’ walks outside (once fully vaccinated), little obstacle courses in the garden, games of fetch or whatever else your imagination draws up!
It’s best to avoid strenuous or repetitive exercise such as jogging on the pavement on the lead, as this sort of running can be damaging to developing joints.
Neutering and spaying
For non-breeding dogs, neutering and spaying prevents pregnancy, eliminate unwanted behaviours, and can have health benefits too. The right time to get your pup neutered or spayed depends on your dog’s breed and medical history, and your vet can help you decide when might be best for you.
Grooming
Get your puppy used to being brushed and handled all over from a young age so that grooming feels like a walk in the park for them. You can file their sharp claws as soon as they come home to you, along with teeth and ear cleaning.
Handy resources for puppy healthcare
Check out below some of the resources you may need, to ensure your pup is in the best possible health:
Pet health clubs and schemes
Your local vet clinic or pet shop may have a ‘Healthy Pet Club’ you can join, allowing you to enjoy discounts, and to get regular parasite prevention sent directly to your home.
Veterinary clinics and practices
Of course, don’t forget your local vet! Their vets and nurses should always be your first port of call for any medical queries or concerns. Many clinics now have an online chat option too, so you can get the answers you need with ease.
Pet Insurance
Whatever you do, don’t forget to take out pet insurance. Insurance covers the cost of any unexpected medical bills, such as if your pup were to break their leg or become seriously unwell.
It’s a good idea to shop around and to use comparison websites.
FAQs
Do puppies need a health check?
Every puppy needs a health check, ideally before being re-homed as well as after. Their check before re-homing may include a vaccine, though sometimes this isn’t done until after the pup’s left their breeder.
Buying a puppy that hasn’t been health checked could set you up for heartache if it turns out they have a serious medical issue and shouldn’t have been sold in the first place.
How much is a puppy health check?
A puppy health check cost in the UK can range from £20 to £80; with higher-priced check-ups including parasite prevention and/or vaccines.
What age do puppies get vet checked?
Some breeders will have their pups checked shortly after birth, though this is becoming less common. More often, the first check is at 8 weeks old and coincides with the first vaccination.
How to check puppy health before buying
As well as ensuring your pup’s been given a clean bill of health by the vet before you take them home, have a good look at them in person! You want a bouncy and playful pup that’s growing well. They shouldn’t have any signs of disease such as squinting eyes, crusty nose, a cough, or a limp.
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